Demonstrating Achievement of Learning Outcomes in Nursing

Exhibiting Achievement of Learning Outcomes in Nursing Explanatory synopsis of portfolio to show accomplishment of the learning results This article is principally focused on scientifically looking into the portfolio that I have acclimatized in the ongoing past. It adequately is a record of various key scenes in my understudy profession. The portfolio itself reports various parts of occasions in my training while this exposition embarks to take a review of the points, objectives and accomplishments that have been set and how much they have been accomplished. (Green J et al. 1998) The portfolio opens with an announcement of expectation undoubtedly. In spite of the fact that I have tended to the issues of expert necessity I have likewise moved toward the venture structure the perspective of my very own advantage. I welcome that this device gives me the capacity (in addition to other things) to audit my expert turn of events and to report my advancement through my time as an understudy nurture. During its planning I have along these lines consistently kept in the front line of my brain the eight learning objectives counted in this announcement. Reflections on scholastic and clinical encounters Proceeding with proficient turn of events and long lasting learning Choices about the nature of my work Compelling basic reasoning Reflection on proficient development Strengthening to assume liability for my own learning Improvement towards being a basic, intelligent expert Archive accomplishments (Pearce, R 2003). As far as an expository evaluation of this portfolio, one ought to consider crafted by Knowles and others in the field of grown-up instruction (Knowles, M. 1984 a ). Knowles’ hypothesis of andragogy features the need for the grown-up understudy to value the need to know something and the way that grown-up understudies learn most successfully through experience and adjustment (Knowles, M. 1984 b ). In spite of the fact that not expressly elucidated by Knowles, the versatile procedure is served to an impressive degree by the procedure of reflection. As such my encounters have been recorded in a progression of contextual investigations and different examinations, and the procedure of adjustment has been represented through the component of intelligent practice. (Palmer in Bulpitt Martin 2005) The move towards proof based practice has been one of the most recognizable parts of the different changes in accentuation by and by in many territories of therapeutically related work as of late. (Berwick D 2005). I have been making careful effort to consider the proof base which bolsters the different regions that I have either worked in or inspected. To show this point, let us consider the segment introduced regarding the matter of good thinking and medicinal services law. This section inspected a wide range of moral issues and related good quandaries. Morals is a zone which in certain regards is all inclusive however in others is controlled by nearby issues which incorporate condition, culture and conviction frameworks. (Kuhse Singer 2001) The proof base for the different perspectives communicated is introduced and reported. A diagnostic evaluation of this piece would need to incorporate the way that it just covers a little territory of the entire expected issue. There is no statement of regret for this, as the entire territory of morals is tremendous and the writing regarding the matter is broad. It was not viewed as suitable to accomplish more than present a review of one zone. In any case, the components of this zone are secured and given the significant core values that structure the proof base being set out, for example, Bolam and the expert rules along with explicit models, for example, the point of reference of the Charlotte Wyatt case. The proof base component is additionally shown in the clinical range and I can refer to the contextual analysis on Mrs Y (a MRSA disease case), for instance which not just permitted me to look at the issues of proof (refering to Pennington) yet in addition to reflect and gain fro m the experience. (Taylor, E. 2000). It is consistently conceivable to condemn composing as not being absolutely comprehensive of the entirety of the accessible proof and unmistakably such an analysis could be leveled at my work. In guard, I would propose that a great part of the private perusing and examination that I have done that has assisted with educating me in my expert life doesn't show up in the portfolio on grounds of practicality. What's more one knows that the proof base is continually changing as new work is distributed and acclimatized into the pool of acknowledged clinical information. (Sackett, 1996). For the situation study that I introduced identifying with Angela, the proof base had an enormous impact in both the investigation, the taking in experience got from it and furthermore the genuine introduction of the proof. I recommend that clearly I obviously invested a lot of energy investigating the different components of the case and introducing them in a definitive and proof based design. I accept that this gives the work a more noteworthy believability and furthermore a more prominent learning potential for myself. (Holland K et al. 2003) Reflection is a huge component in this portfolio. I make no expression of remorse for this as I have seen intelligent practice as a priceless learning instrument and as can be found in the substance of the portfolio I have utilized it broadly. It ought to be noticed that despite the fact that I have recorded various cases of intelligent work on utilizing the Gibbs model, (Gibbs, G 1988) it is a strategy that I every now and again use in my day by day practice. Stockhausen, (L. 1994) makes a separation between reflection on training and appearance practically speaking. I feel that his investigation is both substantial and applicable. Reflection on training is a review procedure that incorporates those procedures that permit reflection at a phase after the occasion, and take into consideration adjustment in handling and reaction components to be utilized when a comparable circumstance is experienced for a subsequent time. Appearance practically speaking alludes to a unique procedure that happens at the hour of an activity or mediation and is a shorter and more shortened procedure than the recently refered to model. It is acknowledged in any case, that such a shorter procedure might not have the scholarly legitimacy of an increasingly extended procedure. I have utilized the two systems both in the portfolio and furthermore in my day by day practice the contextual investigation of Angela exhibits my capacity to think about training and the con textual investigation (year 1 part 3) shows that I am likewise very ready to utilize appearance by and by. As such I imagine that the portfolio is illustrative of my capacities in a clinical circumstance. I note that I every now and again come back to the idea of self-assuredness in my investigation of a circumstance. This is a zone which is hard to advance as an understudy nurture as one is hampered by both inability and absence of rank. As I have advanced through my preparation, I feel that the procedure of reflection has helped me to recognize circumstances where I can helpfully be progressively self-assured, either to advance my own perspective dependent on my own insight and convictions, or to go about as the patient’s advocate in circumstances where I accept that the patient’s eventual benefits might not have been completely thought of. (Koole S. L. et al. 19990 This component of self-assuredness has another and progressively significant ramifications. There is an inferred obligation occupant on all human services experts to scatter and information or experience that they may have to their expert associates. The component of learning and showing goes in close vicinity to this dispatch. (Yura H et al. 1998). I completely perceive that, as an understudy, I have not been in a situation to think about educating, as my own insight base has been reliant, in any event to some extent, on the generosity and information on others. I am mindful be that as it may, that as my own insight base has expanded, I have been exceptional put to offer feelings and to include expert information into circumstances that are fitting. I accept that this part of my preparation and advancement has likewise honey bee plainly showed in the portfolio. For instance, I can refer to the area on fundamental life bolster that is introduced in the portfolio. Having finished this component of the course, I currently feel engaged to pass this particular information on in regions where I experience individuals (the two patients, carers or different experts) who might not have this sort of explicit information readily available. (Fawcett J 2005) I have little uncertainty that, as my expert information builds, I will have the option to expect this job in a more prominent assortment of zones and help to have my impact later on instruction of the two patients and trying experts. A huge extent of the portfolio archives my appraisal of the effect of strategy on the current systems of medicinal services conveyance. The section identifying with fairness in the wellbeing the executives of minority gatherings could be viewed as commonplace in such manner with a survey of the issues of the Care Standards Act (CSA 2000) and the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA 1995). This specific contextual investigation was a significant learning experience for me as it was by doing this examination that I turned out to be all the more expertly mindful of the opportunities for unmistakable and secret separation both as far as sexuality and incapacity and the should be completely mindful of these conceivable outcomes and to find a way to guarantee that they don't shading my expert exercises. There is a lot of writing regarding the matter of segregation in its most extensive applications and a basic examination of my work could sensibly presume that such an enormous zone is underr epresented in the general portfolio. This specific analysis could obviously be leveled at for all intents and purposes any work around there and I am mindful that I have needed to make a judgment in this (and numerous different zones) where the line of harmony between introducing the entirety of the contentions both in favor and against a specific subject, can be attracted the interests of both convenience and common sense. It would need to be yielded tha

Free free essay sample

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When On D-Day-June 6, 1944-Allied Armies Landed In Normandy On Essays

When on D-Day-June 6, 1944-Allied militaries arrived in Normandy on the northwestern bank of France, perhaps the one most basic occasion of World War II unfurled; for upon the result of the attack hung the destiny of Europe. In the event that the intrusion fizzled, the United States may direct its full concentration toward the foe in the Pacific-Japan-leaving England alone, with a large portion of its assets spent in mounting the intrusion. That would empower Nazi Germany to summon its entire existence against the Soviet Union. When American powers came back to Europe-assuming in reality, they at any point returned-Germany may be ace of the whole landmass. Albeit less Allied ground troops went aground on D-Day than on the main day of the previous attack of Sicily, the intrusion of Normandy was in all out history's most prominent land and/or water capable activity, including on the primary day 5,000 boats, the biggest naval force ever collected; 11,000 airplane (following a very long time of primer barrage); and around 154,000 British, Canadian and American troopers, including 23,000 showing up by parachute and lightweight plane. The intrusion likewise included a long-go misleading arrangement on a scale the world had at no other time seen and the surreptitious tasks of several a large number of Allied obstruction contenders in Nazi-involved nations of western Europe. American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was named preeminent administrator for the partners in Europe. English General, Sir Frederick Morgan, set up a consolidated American-British base camp known as COSSAC, for Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander. COSSAC built up various designs for the Allies, most outstanding was that of Activity Overlord, a full scale attack of France over the English Channel. Eisenhower felt that COSSAC's arrangement was a sound activity. In the wake of looking into the tragic attempt at manslaughter strike in 1942 in Dieppe, organizers concluded that the quality of German safeguards required not a number of discrete attacks by generally little units yet a tremendous centralization of intensity in a solitary primary landing. The attack site would need to be near in any event one significant port and airbase to permit for productive gracefully lines. Potential destinations included among others, the Pas de Calais over the Strait of Dover, and the sea shores of Cotentin. It was chosen by the Allies that the sea shores of Cotentin would be the landing site for Operation Overlord. As I would see it, the essential explanation that the attack worked was trickiness. Misdirection to deceive the Germans with regards to the time and spot of the attack. To achieve this, the British previously had an arrangement known as Jael, which included murmuring efforts in conciliatory posts around the globe and different interruptions to keep German eyes centered anyplace however on the shore of northwestern France. A significant point to the duplicity was Ultra, code name for insight got from captures of German radio traffic. This was made conceivable by the English from the get-go in the war having broken the code of the standard German radio enciphering machine, the Enigma. Through Ultra the Allied high order recognized what the Germans anticipated that the Allies should do and in this way could plant data either to fortify a current bogus view or to feed data through German operators, the vast majority of it bogus however enough of it valid and in this way now and then including penance of Allied soldiers, specialists or opposition powers in involved nations to keep up the believability of the German operators. Six days before the focused on date of June 5, troops boarded ships, transports, airplane up and down the southern and southwestern banks of England. Everything was prepared for one of history's generally emotional also, earth shattering occasions. One significant inquiry was left unanswered however: what did the Germans know? Under Operation Fortitude, an invented American power the first Armed force Group-gathered right over the Channel from the Pas de Calais. Sham soldiers, bogus radio traffic, sham landing create in the straight of the Thames stream, enormous yet abandoned camps, sham tanks-all added to the trickiness. In spite of the fact that the Allied officers proved unable know it until their soldiers were aground, their misleading had been amazingly fruitful. As time for the intrusion approached, the German's focal point of the misleading had moved from the districts of the Balkans also, Norway to the Pas de Calais. The convergence of Allied soldiers was incredible to the point, that an intrusion of France appeared to be unavoidable. Bombarding assaults, harm by the French Resistance and bogus messages from traded off German specialists all centered around the Pas de Calais with as it were insignificant regard for Normandy. Likewise, German knowledge imagined that the Allies had 90 divisions prepared for the attack (extremely just 39), so that significantly after the intrusion of Normandy, the conviction could even now exist that Normandy was only a starter measure and the principle attack of the Pas de Calais was still to come. None of the German high

Explain Why Is Anthropogenic Activities Surrounding...

The are several perspectives today as to the increase †¦..and is it the driving force of g w. Many believe, that the increased of anthropogenic CO2 is the issue of today and it is the primary driver of global warming. It has significant consequence not only on the environmental but also economically. This can be viewed from several different perspectives. There is evidence to support both opinions on this topic it is created by natural or humans activates. So, is anthropogenic activities surrounding deforestation the primary drive of global climate change? Carbon cycle Carbon is an important part of all living things on earth. The carbon cycle is a way for nature to recycle and store this important element. The carbon cycle works when†¦show more content†¦When fossil fuels are burnt, it interrupts the natural CO2 cycle because the stored co2 goes through the atmosphere instead of being stored in things like wood sugar cane. If we deforest the earth, then the forest doesn’t absorb the co2 and the carbon ifs left in the atmosphere. https://sites.google.com/site/climatechange4kids/the-carbon-cycle Deforestation (definition) Deforestation is when humans remove or clear large areas of forest lands and related ecosystems for non-forest use. These include clearing for farming purposes, ranching and urban use. In these cases, trees are never re-planted. Since the industrial age, about half of worlds original forests have been destroyed and millions of animals and living things have been endangered. (http://eschooltoday.com/forests/what-is-deforestation.html) Trees are cut down for many reasons including to be used, sold or exported as timber, wood or fuel (charcoal). To be used for farming purposes such as grazing fields for livestock or large scale farming activities this is called logging or to make room for human settlement and urbanization. Deforestation is also to make room for mining. http://eschooltoday.com/forests/what-is-deforestation.html. Trees remove some of the air through photosynthesis and store that c arbon in their tissues and the soil. This process is known as carbon sequestration. Since the industrial revolution began in the mid 1700’s more greenhouse gases have been released then removedShow MoreRelatedSience23554 Words   |  95 PagesEnvironmental Issues Webquest Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Go to http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction and answer the following questions. 1. What is the greenhouse effect? 2. How does it relate to climate change? 3. Draw and label the greenhouse effect. 4. Scroll down to the section â€Å"The Greenhouse Effect is Natural. What do we have to do with it?† What are some ways that humans are thought

Late Adulthood Management

Question: Write an essay on Late Adulthood ? Answer: Introduction: As highlighted in the book written by Laura E. Berk, Exploring Life span development the life of an individual passes through a number of developmental stages. The major 8 stages identified are prenatal, infancy, toddler, early childhood, adolescence, adult, late adulthood and death. At an age of 62 years, an individual in the late adulthood is expected to gather quiet a considerable amount of experience. This assignment reveals the feelings, experiences and mental conceptions developed through the earlier developmental stages in life of a 62 years old individual. By highlighting the major and minor details regarding the physical, social and cognitive developmental effects on the individual the study intends to provide an in-depth and clear idea of the life span development (LSD). Life in late adulthood: The 62 years old individual reveals a feeling of reaching the end stage of life. On reflecting back to the earlier stages of life various regrets and confessions that a person has experienced comes to the forefront (Berk, 2013). The assessment of previous actions and experiences in earlier stages of life includes issues in ones occupation, marriage life, family life, illnesses suffered. From the reflection of the 62 years old individual it is clarified that to a person, own income is very important. The person reflected the wish of achieving more accomplishments. There had been an influence of other people in life. Coming at the later stage of life the person wishes that it would have been better not to be influenced by other people. In personal life also there are some regrets. The person stated to have found a good partner. That feeling has stayed on for the rest of the life. This is true for most of the people (Mail Online, 2012). Marriage thus emerges as a positive influence in t he individuals life. However, the individual regrets for not being able to stand for own self thus depicting a sadist attitude towards life. A remarkable effect of the significant life events is evident in the life of the individual. The revelation of the incident of encountering with a quarrel with the persons brother the day before he died seems to have a massive effect on the emotional development of the individual. Now the individual regrets for the quarrel. It showed the effect of life events on emotional and social development of the individual. The person identified travelling as a strong area of interest, which was not being experienced due to family bindings and responsibilities. The person shows a regretful attitude towards self for not being able to fulfill own desires or opt for own areas of interest. As per the view of (), giving sufficient time to oneself is very important to enable a productive positive and efficient social and emotional development of an individual. The person here depicts a lack of adequate time given to own self. It may be a major contributing factor for the development of a sadist and d epressive attitude evident in the person. Health takes a very important position in our lives in late adulthood (Lifehack.org, 2015). The person concerned over here has been a smoker from teenage days. The person reveals the inability to quit smoking even after the constant urge from family and surrounding people. The individual is seen to suffer miserably now with a diagnosis of lung cancer at this stage of life. As stated in the book by Laura, the respiratory system of a person at this stage of late adulthood becomes less efficient than earlier. It is evident in case of the concerned person here. The person now depicts a high hope towards the attending doctor to recover and stay healthy. The remarkable effect of the various acts through the developmental life stages on physical aspect of an individual is evident. However, the person reflects a realization of being too late to understand the faults one did in the earlier stages. A high relevancy to the statements made in the book is evident in the person. Physical effects as thin bones, decayed tooth hindering proper eating ability, lower immunity power exposing the person to infections and lesser physical strength are evident in the person. As per Bouazzaoui et al. (2010) these signs are characteristics of external and internal aging in a person. The presence of intense sadness, depression and loss of hope revealed by the person are in accordance to the identified in the book by Laura. Loss of brother and partner, diseased physical health and mental depression due to inability to fulfill own cherished wishes and exploring the areas of interest are the major reasons for this state (Volkert et al. 2015). The person identifies the position of friends as vital in providing strong mental support at times when family cannot be accessed or relied for help. In Eriksons theory about psychological development, integrity versus despair is the final stage. It comprises of the late adulthood. According to this concept, people tend to reflect on their early life. They either come up with a sense of fulfillment or sense of despair and regret. People who are proud of their accomplishments have a sense of integrity and happiness. There are no regrets and there prevails satisfaction in hearts. Those who are unsuccessful have feelings of despair and bitterness. They regret for missed opportunities and feel sad (Www2.webster.edu, 2015). The person concerned here can relate to this as the individual is also suffering from feelings of despair. McLeod (2009) puts forward the Cognitive Development Theory of Piaget. According to that theory, the childhood of a person influences the development in him. The person in this study depicts a wonderful childhood. With a constant parental support the person was seen to achieve several successes in the professional field. According to Vygotskys Theory of social development, social interaction has a fundamental effect in the development of cognition (Veer, 2007). The persons perceptions, thinking, reasoning ability has been influenced by the society. The person reveals a high influence of the friends and relatives on self. They have taught the person to be strong and think rationally. Interactions with many people coming from different backgrounds of the society have helped the individual to shape up the personality. McLeod (2015) points out that the process of learningis cognitive process in discussing the Social Learning theory. It states that learning can occur through rewards and punishments. The person depicts the personal experience of learning from own mistakes and receiving encouragements from the praises of the people at work. According to Jarvis (2012), Behaviourism Theory states that development results from increased learned behaviour. Nurturing plays an important role in ones behaviour. For instance, the person had picked up the habit of smoking at a very early stage and was unable to quit the habit leading to the development of lung cancer at the age of 62 years. Now the state of mind is highly affected in adverse way due to inability of leading a healthy life. The individual also depicts difficulty in coping with the fact of aging. The fear of dying is highly visible in the person. This results in disappointment. Although the children of the person suggest for counseling to cope wi th the late adulthood stage and death the person yet does not seem to be comfortable with the suggestion. According to Punnadhammo Bhikkhu (2015), the realization and acceptance of the fact that at this stage death is inevitable sooner or later makes it easier for a person to cope with it. Our beloved Name: ____ died last Monday after fighting a long battle with lung cancer at the hospital. He was an employee of G.S.K Company and a respectable person. He is survived by his children. A private memorial will be held in his home on Friday, 6 p.m. All friends, relatives and well wishers are invited and expected to attend. He will be greatly missed. References Bouazzaoui, B., Isingrini, M., Fay, S., Angel, L., Vanneste, S., Clarys, D., Taconnat, L. (2010). Aging and self-reported internal and external memory strategy uses: The role of executive functioning.Acta psychologica,135(1), 59-66.Jarvis, P. (2012).Towards a comprehensive theory of human learning(Vol. 1). Routledge. Lifehack.org,. (2015).What Do People Regret The Most Before They Die?. Retrieved 2 July 2015, from https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/20-things-people-regret-the-most-before-they-die.html Mail Online,. (2012).No regrets! Old people who learn not to linger on 'what might have been' are happier - and cope better with stress. Retrieved 2 July 2015, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2132203/No-regrets-Old-people-learn-regret-past-happier-present--cope-better-stress.html McLeod, S. (2009).Jean Piaget. [online] Simply Psychology. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. McLeod, S. (2015).Albert Bandura | Social Learning Theory | Simply Psychology. [online] Simplypsychology.org. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Punnadhammo Bhikkhu, a. (2015).Old Age and Death.Arrowriver.ca. Retrieved 2 July 2015, from https://www.arrowriver.ca/torStar/oldage.html Slideshare.net,. (2015).Chapters 17, 18 and 19 life span development. Retrieved 2 July 2015, from https://www.slideshare.net/windleh/chapters-17-18-and-19-life-span-development Veer, R. (2007).Lev Vygotsky. London: Continuum.Volkert, A., Pierre, M., Shrestha, B. and Haes, A. (2015). Implications of sample aging on the formation of internally etched silica coated gold nanoparticles.RSC Adv., 5(5), pp.3774-3780.Www2.webster.edu,. (2015). Retrieved 2 July 2015, from https://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/lrerikson.html

Scientific Management

Management has been a crucial human activity since time immemorial. Ever since human beings began forming social organizations with the aim of accomplishing particular objectives, management has been essential in ensuring the coordination of individual efforts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Scientific Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a matter of fact, the society has constantly depended on group efforts, which have increased with time, raising the significance and complexity of managerial work. Several management approaches have come up with the aim of elucidating how supervision should be executed within organizations. This paper aims at critically analyzing scientific management, shedding light on its principles and characteristics while establishing its level of applicability and inappropriateness in modern management. Definitions of Scientific Management The phrase scientific manageme nt is coined from two words; scientific and management. The term ‘scientific’ refers to the logical investigative and objective approach whereas ‘management’ refers to the process of ensuring that duties are executed through others. According to Fredrick Winslow Taylor, scientific management refers to the art of establishing the best and most cost-effective approach of doing things within an organization. It involves deciding what to do and who to do a particular task and the most appropriate way to perform a given task within the organization. According to him, scientific management refers to the application of scientific practices to management which include; selection, staffing, training, posting the employees and the most cost-effective means of doing a particular task (SWATI, 2011). As Harlow Person puts it, scientific management typifies a form of arrangement and practice in a purposive and combined effort which is based on the codes or laws that are formulated via the method of scientific analysis, as opposed to using strategies which are formulated in an experimental and informal manner of trial and error method (SWATI, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones argues that, scientific management refers to a set of clearly set regulations that are laid down by those in the managerial positions which should be applied to harmonize an organization in order to realize profound strictness for maximum productivity (SWATI, 2011). Lioyd, Dodd and zynch posits that, scientific management aims at getting the most out of the systems, employees and resources while influencing productivity with regards to positioning and planning of the employees towards the ultimate to achieve utmost productivity (SWATI, 2011). According to Peter F. Drucker, scientific management refers to a structured study of work within an organizat ion, the evaluation of the work in its basic form and the logical upgrading of the employees (SWATI, 2011). Precisely, scientific management, also known as Taylorism is a theory of management that applies the standards and practices of science in management (Hounshell, 1984). It evaluates and produces workflows with an aim of improving economic effectiveness, particularly on labor output. The theory was among the earliest approaches that applied science in the field of management. It was pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 1890s and was mostly applied in the manufacturing industries. Its influence hit the highest point around1910 after which an epoch of opposition and syncretism with conflicting or complementary thoughts cropped up (Beissinger, 1988). While scientific management as a distinctive theory had become out-dated by the 1940s, most of its aspects are still used within the industrial sector as well as managerial positions up to date. Such aspects include eval uation, synthesis, consistence, prudence, work values, competence, eliminating the unnecessary factors of production, consistency of exceptional practices, disregarding of egoistic customs and training of employees (Taylor, 1911).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Scientific Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his scientific management approach, Taylor held that the managers of his time depended so much on individual ingenuity of employees in order to attain utmost output. However, these expectations were hardly met (Taylor, 1911). In an attempt to prove that the employees’ productivity is often far much below their capabilities, he suggested that all managers should apply the four principles of scientific management which are as follows. Outline a ‘science’ in every aspect of an employee’s work, choose the employees in a scientific manner, train and build the employe es scientifically and enhance good-natured cooperation between the employees and the managers in order to facilitate effective execution of work (Beissinger, 1988). Principles of Scientific Management Science against Rule of Thumb According to F. Taylor, the rule of thumb was a practice that was commonly used before the coming of scientific management. According to him, the practice was supposed to be substituted with scientific knowledge within organizations. He argued that the practice of the rule of thumb laid more emphasis on sheer guesswork while scientific management entails strictness in formulating and performing all the aspects of a given task. According to this approach this can only be achieved through the application of meticulous scientific analysis. This involves precision in all the aspects of work such as consistency of work as well as different degrees of payment for a given level of work (Taylor, 1911). Harmony as Opposed to Discord Taylor maintained that, organiza tions should maintain harmony through collective action while discord should be avoided. Harmony ensures that the different groups of people within the organization work as a single unit leading to the accomplishment of an organization’s objectives. Harmony guarantees utmost understanding of all the stakeholders within an organization enhancing a mutual relationship amongst the members (Taylor, 1911).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Co-operation vs. Individualism The approach of scientific management necessitates that all the different sections of an organization should combine forces with the aim of increased productivity. As a matter of fact, scientific management is based on reciprocated confidence, teamwork and benevolence. In order to achieve this, the employees as well as the management need to undergo a complete transformation with regards to their mental outlook. Taylor maintained that suspicion and enmity should be replaced with mutual confidence and friendliness respectively (Taylor, 1911). Characteristics of Scientific Management Development of Individual Employees for Competence and Success For maximum productivity, extra effort should be put in order to enhance the employees’ competence. While recruiting new employees, emphasis should be laid on the type of work and the competence of the employee towards a particular task, after which scientific training follows. The managers should employ i ncentive wage plan when dealing with individual employees. A combination of these efforts ensures that the employees attain their highest potential which leads to utmost success to both the individual and the company (Taylor, 1911). Standardization of Tools and Equipments According to scientific management, it is crucial to produce standard products and services and also bring about uniformity in the production of high quality goods and services. In fact, standardization should be applied with regards to the cost of production, equipments, tools, materials, duration, conditions and quantity of work (Taylor, 1911). Scientific Selection and Training of Workers The approach of scientific management demands that choosing and training employees should be done in a scientific method. This should be done with respect to their academic background, their wellbeing, experience, talents, physical fitness as well as intelligence. Appropriate training should then be offered with the help of qual ified personnel with respect to their ability and type of work (Taylor, 1911). Experimentation and Scientific Investigation The achievement of scientific management relies heavily upon research and investigation. It entails logical study, surveillance research, experimentation and exploration. In a contemporary organization, the most preeminent and most effective methods of doing work can only be achieved through continuous testing and scientific research (Taylor, 1911). Incentive Wage System Taylor supported a wage system that was in form of differential piece wages. This system entailed two different wages where employees who attained a given target within a given time limit were paid their wages at a higher rate per unit while those who could not meet the right standards within a given time limit were paid their wages at a lower rate per unit. In other words, the incentive wage system entails a substantial disparity in wages between those who are able to achieve or outdo a given target within a given time and those who do not (Hartness, 1912). Efficient attain system The approach of scientific management involves caution in determining the total cost of production and also the cost at every level of production. It is based on a cost-effective economy. While implementing an organization’s objectives, any needless factors of production are done away with in an attempt to achieve maximum production within minimum cost. The approach ensures minimum wastage in all the factors of production (SWATI, 2011). Scientific Allotment of Task Scientific management ensures that any task is delegated to the best employee available, depending on one’s ability and professional qualification for the particular task. Indeed, no matter how well an individual is competent, it is extremely difficult to execute all the tasks proficiently. For this reason, managers should cautiously establish the best individual for every job and the best job for every individual. This is because one is able to execute a given job most proficiently as long as it matches his preference, ability and qualifications (Head, 2005). Effectiveness of Scientific Management in Business Running Scientific management can be termed as the most established approach of designing the tasks of employees. The principles of this approach are the foundation of modern industrial and organizational production methods in job planning. These techniques entail making work practices more proficient, establishing the most appropriate means of executing the jobs and aligning the work flows (Noble, 1984). In addition, several contemporary management terminologies such as quality circles, reengineering, and total quality management can be traced back to scientific management. Moreover, employee and manager training which is common in modern companies was also an indispensable aspect of the principles of scientific management (Aitken, 1985). As a matter of fact, modern management borrows a lot of concepts from scientific management. Such concepts include; the use of incentives for excellent performance, planning of jobs with the use of proficient work procedures, choosing of employees depending on their abilities to execute specific tasks, training of employees to improve efficiency in their work and training the managers in order to effectively supervise the workers ( Aitken,1985). However, its tremendous achievements, Taylor’s scientific management approach failed to solve all the challenges experienced by the managers while supervising the employees as they execute their day to day work. This can be attributed to the intrinsic flaws of scientific management (Drury, 1915). These flaws include the idea of breaking down work into its basic constituents to achieve the accomplishment of the tasks by the employees as evaluated by the managers as well as the flaw of isolating the planning of work from the execution. According to some critics, these only made the emplo yees to gain more experience and routine other than knowledge and appreciation. The approach of scientific management has also been criticized for the discrepancy of the workers needs (Drury, 1915). Such criticisms with regards to Taylor’s approach of scientific management led to the development of other alternatives. This included the modern theories of management such as performance management approach. These theories included job enrichment as well as job enlargement. Job enrichment incorporates accomplishment, development, and appreciation prospects in the job while Job enlargement merges numerous tasks into a single task providing variety (Mullins, 2004). In Conclusion it is clear that the principles of scientific management are still applied in modern management. The rise of modern management approaches, and the criticism may not have been directed upon the principles of scientific management, but on scientific management that cropped up in the modern management schools of thoughts. Research indicates that, contemporary industrial production, quality circles, reengineering schemes, and total quality management innovations depend on workflow knowledge and other practices that mirror the first principle of scientific management. On the other hand, the modern recruitment system employed by the human resource personnel as well as the selection criteria reflects the second principle of scientific management while training and development of the employees and the managers can be seen in the third principle. Furthermore, several modern organizations call for mutual cooperation between the employees and the managers, representing the fourth principle of scientific management. For this reason, Taylor is still regarded highly by various management experts to date (SWATI, 2011). Reference List Aitken, J. (1985). Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism at Watertown  Arsenal, Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. Beissinger, R. (1988).Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline, and  Soviet Power. London, UK: I.B. Tauris Co Ltd. Drury, B. (1915). Scientific Management: A History and Criticism, New York, NY, USA: Columbia University. Hartness, J. (1912).The human Factor in Works Management. London: McGraw-Hill. Head, S. (2005). The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the  Digital Ag,.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hounshell, A. (1984). The Development of Manufacturing Technology in  The United States. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. Mullins, J. (2004). Management and Organizational Behavior. Financial Times–FT Press–Prentice-Hall–Pearson Education Ltd. Noble, F. (1984). Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial  Automation. New York, New York, USA: Knopf. SWATI, G. (2011). Meaning, Definition Characteristics and Features  Scientific Management. Web. Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1911).The Principles of Scientific Management. New York, NY, USA and Lo ndon, UK: Harper Brothers. This research paper on Scientific Management was written and submitted by user Nightmare to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Diversity and Reality Television Professor Ramos Blog

Diversity and Reality Television Reality television is as American as the cheese wiz you put on your cheesesteak sandwich. It all started in the 1970s, when the Public Broadcasting Station aired a show about a family living in the Santa Barbara area (PBS). The show was meant to give the American people an idea that everyone goes though the same kind of family issues, no matter where you live, or who you are. Now today’s reality television has expanded way past just showing people that everyone’s 16 year old daughter sneaks out of the house in the middle of the night. But it is still reality, and its popularity has grown immensely. But has diversity played a part in what we, as the american people, want to see in our shows about real life? Andy Cohen once said, â€Å"Ultimately, its not my job to judge the ‘Housewives’- we dont editorialize on the show; we really leave it to the audience. We have a certain wink, which is the Bravo wink. We may linger on a shot or we may let something play out, but we leave it to you†.   Cohen is basically the father of reality television. He has single handedly started an entire series of shows about housewives that live elaborate lives around the United States. The housewives are diverse in the since of the places that they are filmed. However, the cast of housewives for each particular setting is not that diverse. All of the Orange County Housewives are white and while occasionally their will be a housewife of Latina decent, she does not last more than one season. Andy Cohen has essential created a franchise that was new to the Bravo Network, but not new at all the Music Television channel.   MTV was looking for a way to make a new show that did not cost a lot to produce, but would make lots of money. The first start to the reality television explosion began around the mid 1990s, when an inexpensive show, fell into MTV’s lap. The show would revolve around a group of young adults in the New York City area that were just living life (History). The Real World took ordinary people, and let the whole world watch as the â€Å"cast† of ordinary people took on real life issues. Because this show revolved around real people, the â€Å"cast† was very diverse and had people from all walks of life. The cast of third season The Real World San Francisco had a young Cuban American man who was openly gay, and found out he was HIV positive (Lovannone). This young man made such an impact on the american people, that after his sudden passing President Bill Clinton spoke at his very public funeral. When The Real World Los Angeles hit our tv screens, we had a lot more div erse of a cast of characters. This cast shared more personal stories, and even showed a young African American women making the hard decision of whether she should get an abortion or not. Because of shows like this, the american people were exposed to issues that they maybe did not know a whole about. So while The Real World was entertaining, it also was very informative to its many young adult fans. Reality television now a days has something for everyone. There are so many forms of reality tv, and the variety of shows out there is very diverse. If you are looking for naked people who are into survival, there is a show on Discover Channel for you. If you are looking for show about a man who is looking for the love of his life while dating eighteen other women all at the same time, ABC has a show for you. Reality Television is all around us, and many people believe that they would make â€Å"good tv†. If you think your family is messed up just watch another   family on tv trying to find another sister wife, and you might just feel better about your own problems. When reality television first hit the main stream media it really was reality. Today reality television is kind of scripted, but not the same way Grey’s Anatomy is. Producers of shows on Bravo, and TLC tend to certain situations for their â€Å"cast† to be apart of. If the producers know that two ho usewives dont particularly get along, they might have one of the wives put on a big party and invite all of the wives to sed party and just see what will go down.   There are many reality shows that have a diverse cast. But many of these diverse shows are on channels like FoodNetwork, and the Travel Channel. These channels do not make the show seem like it is reality, even though they interview real people, and go to real restaurants that are owned by real people. There are many shows on HGTV that are reality, that dont seem like they are. However, many of the host of the shows like Fixer Upper, and My Lottery Dream Home are not very diverse. But many of the clients that the hosts work with are very diverse.   Diversity is all around us. And with so much of today being influenced by our screens, both in our pockets and in our homes, the world is becoming more and more aware of diversity. The shows we watch both reality and scripted are becoming more and more diverse. With reality television becoming more and more relative to todays people, we are able to see that reality can be more than just white people, throwing drinks and flipping tables. As the world is gaining more and more awareness of social issues reality television is becoming more relevant to the millennial generation. Reality tv started way back in the 1970s with the expectation of telling a story to the American people. While todays reality shows, arent all about the story it is clear that diversity plays a huge role in what we watch, and who we want to watch.   Berman, Judy. â€Å"Trashy Reality TV Is Back, And Its Not Here to Play Nice.† Time, Time, 21 Feb. 2019, time.com/5534364/reality-tv-is-back/. This article is goes over how reality tv has started to take over our main stream tv watching. It takes a major dive into Lindsay Lohan’s new MTV show. I will be using this article in my paper as a way to show what reality tv is like now a days. I believe this article is reliable because it comes from Time Magazine. Iovannone, Jeffry J., and Jeffry J. Iovannone. â€Å"Pedro Zamora: Real World Activist.† Medium, Queer History For the People, 21 June 2018, medium.com/queer-history-for-the-people/pedro-zamora-real-world-activist-cf89c5e237ab. This article talks about the life of one of the most influential Real World cast members.This article is important to my report because it shows how important this cast member made an impact on the world, and the people who watched the show. I think this article is reliable because the author is a founder of an LGBTQ rights website. â€Å"MTVs The Real World Leaves Hollywood.† History.com, AE Television Networks, 13 Nov. 2009, history.com/this-day-in-history/mtvs-the-real-world-leaves-hollywood. This article talks about the start of MTV as a channel, and the show The Real World. This article is important because it talks about the start of the reality tv boom. I think this article is beneficial to my paper became it will help me understand the start to one of the most influential reality television show. pbs.org/program/american-family/ This article talks about the first reality show of its kind. The article goes over what kind of story the producers were working on showing its audience. I think this article is important because it talks about the real start of reality tv. I will be using this article as intro to my paper, while starting the conversation about reality television. Ryan, Maureen, and Maureen Ryan. â€Å"Why TV Is Finally Embracing the Realities of Race.† Variety, Variety, 20 Jan. 2017, variety.com/2016/tv/features/television-race-diversity-ratings-1201712266/. This article starts the conversation about how tv here in the US is changing. This article goes over more scripted shows, but talks about how making more diverse main stream tv, will eventually make its way to a more diverse set of reality tv show casts. I believe this article is reliable because I got it from the library database here at Crafton Hills College.